Employment law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Employment law - Essay Example The main legal pointers to analyse include whether Tina qualified for protection as an employee and whether the dismissal was fair or not as well as the question of whether she experienced discrimination or not. Principles According to Section 1 (2) of the Employment Rights Act (ERA) (1996), a person categorised as an employee has rights and the termination of his appointment must come with some degree of sensitivity. Dismissals can only be carried out in cases where the employee is at fault in relation to some key legal indicators (Kelly, 1997). In a case where the employee's appointment is to be terminated because his or her contribution is not required, that situation must be categorised as a 'redundancy' (ERA 1996). Terminations require at least 1 week notice (Section 134 ERA, 1996). The basis for the termination must be reasonable (86, ERA, 1996). In the case of a redundancy, there must be some redundancy payments made to the affected employee (Section 135, ERA, 1996). The payme nt is required for people who have worked for at least 1 years for the same employer (Section 155, ERA, 1996). The formula for calculating redundancy payment varies for different people. For persons under the age of 21, redundancy payments should be half-a-week's wages for each year spent as an employee. For persons between 21 and 40 years it is a week's wage for each year spent as an employee with the company and for persons above age 40, it is one and a half week's wages for each year. The ceiling for this calculation is the minimum wage, which currently stands at ?430. The Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment Act (PLFT) of 2000 maintains the need for fair treatment for part time workers. Application In Ready Mixed Concrete V MSS it was identified that there is a distinction between 'contract of service' and 'contract for service'. The former suggests an individual is an employee whilst the latter implies the individuals is rendering his service as a self-employed individual or independent contractor. In doing this, the court ascertains whether an individual was in business on his own accord or not (Market Investigations V MSS 1969). Other pointers include the contractual provisions (BSM 1257 V Secretary of State), the degree of control exercised by the employer, the obligation of the employer to provide work, the obligation of the 'employee' to work and the opportunity for 'employee' to work for other employers. Also, the mutuality of the obligation between the two parties is vital. Tina has been a worker for Silkweave for the past 3 years. Although there is no formal employment contract between her and Silkweave, the company seem to have some degree of control over her activities (Global Plant Ltd V Secretary of State for Health & Social Security). The company seem to provide work for her and when she is unable to do it, she arranges for her sister to take over. This means that in practice, Silkweave has a contract of employment with her since she has b een solely responsible for the cleaning of Silkweave's premises. It is not likely that Tina provides the cleaning equipment and materials for the cleaning by herself. According to Carmichael V National Power PLC where the employee provides her own materials for the work, she is likely to be self-employed or an independent contractor. However in the case, of Tina, it seems she gets inputs from Silkweave and that makes her more of an employee than an independent co

Comparative study of Verisign and TRUSTe Essay Example for Free

Comparative study of Verisign and TRUSTe Essay Web security: Comparison of websites of two companies, Verisign and TRUSTe In the modern world of business, where internet is being used on a large scale, web security is an important aspect that must be looked into for the purpose of development of business. This is extremely beneficial for people or organizations that are involved in e-commerce in some or other way. The advantage is that, if one is signing up with any of these two companies, they would provide a seal which would be displayed in the organization’s website. This would in turn increase the trust of their customers especially while passing highly confidential information such as credit card numbers. This would finally result in increasing their confidence in the organization and thereby increasing business. The present essay is intended to analyze and compare the websites of two such companies Verisign and TRUST e that offer web security for wide range of customers. Verisign provides a Secure Sockets Layer Certificate to the organizations who are signing up with them and they would provide a guarantee for security in e-commerce, communications and other interactions through internet. The other products include domain name services, identity and authentication services, enterprise security services, communication services, code signing, internet defense network and content and messaging services. In addition, they also provide a wide range of solutions for financial services, consumer products and retail companies, healthcare and life sciences and public sector. They offer extended validation services also to add on to the confidence on the site. From their website it could be understood that they offer 14 day trial offer to those who want to understand the benefit of signing up with them, before actually doing so. The site appeared to be very complex and loaded with unnecessary information. The link for existing customers did not show the names of any customer who are using their services currently. The important products of TRUSTe include web privacy seal, email privacy seal, EU safe harbor seal, Children’s privacy seal and Japan privacy seal. The site appeared to be simple less complex and could be easily understood. The mission of this company is the same as Verisign, but Children’s privacy seal which would guarantee security of information about child to the parent and Japan privacy seal which provide a security seal for all websites in Japanese language are additional programs in this site. The email privacy seal would be highly beneficial to those organizations that are undertaking email campaigns. EU safe harbor privacy seal would be beneficial to those who are doing business in Europe. It would be possible to get certification with EU Directive on Data Protection known as safe harbor framework, which is developed jointly by U. S. Department of Commerce and European Commission. This is an indication of world-class privacy standards. A trial offer is not provided in this site, but links for audio and video exerts that are intended for easy understanding of the products by clients are given. Another important attraction of the site is the display of satisfied customers for each of their programs who are world leaders in web business. Other interesting links include link for news related to web security and TRUSTe, industry events etc. They also publish a business newsletter which would carry information regarding the latest developments in the field of web security. Compared to Verisign the number of products specifically meant for business groups are less in this company. Solutions that include industry and business solutions offered by Verisign is not offered here. Thus after comparing the two site, it was found that the site of TRUSTe appeared to be simple to understand and less complex, but with more details and more helpful and truthful links. Verisign offers more products and even offer a trial period. It was felt that most of the big business organizations might prefer the service of Verisign compared to TRUSTe.

The Acts Of The Apostles A Book Report Religion Essay

The Acts Of The Apostles A Book Report Religion Essay INTRODUCTION In this book report, I am going to write on the Acts of the Apostles written by, Marshall I.H. I am also going what view point and character Marshall used to write on the Acts of the Apostles. THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES In this book, Marshall presents the Acts of the Apostles through the eyes of Luke, who was travelling companion of the apostle Paul. Lukes desire in writing the book of acts is to give a true historical account of the events, that took place in the early church. Marshall, states that acts has been confirmed as a source to be depended on historically. EYE WITNESS The book of acts, and the acts of the Apostles were written by an eye witness. Marshall, notes that from Acts 16:10 onwards, Luke writes in the first person plural form. Marshall, mentions in his book, that Lukes mention of individuals, their positions in society, their tittles and surrounding have been proved to be true archaeologically. ACCURATE INFORMATION There is a reference, in Acts 12:12 of a prayer meeting place in the house of Marks mother, it is assumed thats where the believers and the apostles met for prayer. Luke, also writes about the life of Paul, from Pauls position as a Pharisee to an apostle of Christ. Luke, in his writing would often give a good account of the events that were taking place in the lives of the apostles and because the information is so accurate and has been proved to be true, Luke being present to watch and learn from the Apostles. Therefore, Lukes writing proves that it was not imagination or fiction but true and significant. Marshall, notes that even Mark new a lot about the growth of the church and the council of Jerusalem, Mark also was a travelling companion of Paul. Since the writer of acts is Luke, who knew the disciples from their positions in society before they called to be apostle. When Luke interacted with the apostles, he found out a lot of information about the apostles and their individual life stories. Luke, also mentioned the names and positions of different people governing Israel and the surrounding areas, people like Gallio who governed Greece. Luke also writes about Agabus, who prophesied about a great famine, that would take place all over the world and this prophecy was fulfilled during the reign of Claudius Caesar. COMMERCE Lukes writing, also shows that commerce was truly present in the days of the apostles. Acts16:11-15 tells us of Paul and his companions, sharing to a woman by the name Lydia who was a purple merchant from the city of Thyatira. Lydias name is a reminder that Thyatira was located in the ancient kingdom of Lydia, a place that manufactured purple dyes. ANALYSIS Any examination of the book of Acts is incomplete without some reference to Lukes original purpose for writing as recorded in Luke 1:1-4. Lukes first volume, the Gospel of Luke, is actually the real preface to Acts as well as the Gospel itself. The first thing that should be observed is that Luke does indeed claim to be writing an accurate historical account of the life of Christ in the preface to his Gospel, and there is general agreement amongst scholars that Luke intends this statement to extend to his second volume. Carson, Moo and Morris have observed how some scholars say that those who claimed to be historians in ancient times were well known for writing from their own biased agenda and therefore cannot be trusted to give an accurate historical account, but it should be noted that although it is true that some historians did write more fiction than fact, the best ancient writers were careful to give an accurate presentation of the facts in much the same way that would be expec ted of modern historians. Luke deserves to be placed amongst these ancient historians and only differs from modern historians because he does not set out to present every historical detail but is deliberately selective, choosing to concentrate only on events relevant to the growth of the Church. Like the Gospel, the second volume of Lukes history is dedicated to Theophilus who is addressed as most excellent 1:1-3. Bruce observes how it has been suggested that because the name Theophilus means dear to God, it is simply being used by Luke to refer to the Christian reader in general, and not to a specific historical individual as such.10 However, Bruce continues to point out that this is unlikely for two reasons. Firstly, the use of the title most excellent suggests an individual c.f. 23:26; 24:3; 26:25, and secondly, the literary style in which Luke writes his dedication bears striking resemblance to other historical documents of antiquity. Those who regard the book of Acts as non-historical often point to the difficulties between the council of Jerusalem in Acts 15:1-29 and the writing of Paul in Galatians 2:1-10.19 Although Lukes account of the council is straightforward, the main difficulty arises when it is compared with what appears to be the same event as described by Paul in Galatians.20 In Galatians Paul is speaking about his second visit to Jerusalem after his conversion, but in Acts Luke says that it was his third.21 This difficulty has long been recognised by biblical scholars and there are several explanations offered to resolve it.22 Bruce considers that the difficulties arise because the authors are actually speaking about two entirely different occasions. He arrives at this conclusion by observing how the discussion reported by Paul in Galatians differs from Acts because it centres around missionary activity; the issue of circumcision is only marginally alluded to; and no mention is made of appeasing tabl e fellowship amongst Jews and Gentiles.23 Probably the most significant difference between the conference of Galatians 2:1-10 and council meeting in Acts 15:1-29 is that the former was held in private while the latter was held publicly, before the Jerusalem Church.24 Wainwright also agrees with Bruce in these differences and recognises a more consistent pattern with Galatians 2:1-10 in Acts 11:27-30.25 CONCLUSION In my report of this book by Marshall I H, I agree to what the book says about the author of the book of acts that the author was Luke. I also agree to the fact that the information Luke gave about the lives and events surrounding the apostles is true and because he was a travelling companion of Paul, he knew a lot about the apostles from their position in society to their positions in the church.

The Role of Deception in Writing Essay examples -- Character Analysis

The effect of portraying characters in writing can make an impressionable mark on a readers mind. These descriptions can lead a reader to infer the type of character they are reading about or how they feel about a particular character. Sometimes as we read, things that appear to be certain may be ambivalent. Chaucer’s descriptions of his characters throughout â€Å"The General Prologue† are written in such a way where the characters seem to be doing things for the welfare of others or seem to have traits that are excessively praised. However, they really may embody insincerity, selfishness and greed. In â€Å"The General Prologue† from The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, the Parson and the Pardoner, both members involved in the church, are described contrarily in order to provide two completely different effects for the reader. The Parson is shown to be pure and altruistic while the Pardoner who appears to be of good nature, is really not. The Parson’s character is described differently than any other character. There is nothing throughout the poem that suggests the Parson has anything but good intentions. â€Å"There was, and poor, the Parson to a town, / Yet he was rich in holy thought and work† (Lines 489-491). The description Chaucer provides about the Parson is that although he is very poor, the Parson is continuously devout to his religion: â€Å"rich in holy thought and work.† The Parson also does not live the luxurious life; instead he lives a life of simplicity. [â€Å"†¦both from church offerings and his property [were how he lived]†] (Lines 13-14). Overall, the Parson is a poor priest who lives off of what he has. He is never doubtful about his life as Chaucer says, â€Å"No scrupulosity had spiced his feelings† (Line 536). In life, some m... ...tal, and pig bones. These are supposed to represent Mary’s veil, the cross, and the holy bones of saints. However, these are all tangible things. He tricks the reader in thinking that he is doing good and he tricks the people of that time to give money to the church in such a discrete way that if it were to be read quickly, his trickery would not be noticed. Both the descriptions of the Parson and the Pardoner give the reader different thoughts about each of them. Chaucer does not simply tell the reader who they are and how they live, but the reader must decode the clues given by tone and other literary devices. Sometimes things aren’t always as they seem. By reading literature and trying to find the clues to what the author is trying to say, one will always encounter new types of characters, people and ideas that will become engrained in one’s minds forever.

Communications Decency Act Essay

Different countries have different laws. Since different countries have different laws, internet service providers from different countries have different policies. Because of that, it will be hard to come up with a universal standard for the Internet. And enforcing that standard will be a different story on its own. â€Å"The laws concerning decency are only as good as those who are willing to abide by them† (â€Å"Grossman† internet). There have been a lot of attempts to censor the Internet. There has been an attempt to make censorship on the Internet a law, as a part of the telecommunications bill, Communications Decency Act, shortened as CDA. CDA would have made it a crime to post anything on the internet â€Å"that, in context, depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards, sexual or excretory activities or organs† (â€Å"Grossman† internet). Also caught up in the internet-censorship-fervor are the software companies. Almost overnight, many companies sprang up providing parents and libraries programs that promised to filter out all the inappropriate materials on the Internet. Branched out from the filter programs are filter search engines. Basically, it is a same old search engine that puts its results through the filter engines. Another attempt to censor the Internet is made by companies that attempted to rate every website on the homepage. They are independent companies that visit each website and give it a rating. All of the attempts to censor the Internet had been ineffective. All of the past actions about Internet censorship have been, more or less, failures. The filter programs have failed to truly filter out the unwanted. It is like using mesh wires to filter out basketballs. Not only do you filter out the basketballs, you also filter out the tennis balls and golf balls. The filter programs filters by two ways: searching for keywords or blocking a list of websites previously reviewed by someone as inappropriate. When the filter program filter out websites by keyword, they also filter out a lot of appropriate and possibly useful information. For example, a website containing information about breast cancer would be blocked out because it contained the word breast. Same result would happen with a website containing a recipe for chicken breast. When the filter program uses the pre-made list to block out, it is very accurate because someone has already reviewed the website, and would not confuse a website about breast cancer with a breast fetish website. However, there are two downfalls to the method. First, there is just too many websites to review. There are literally billions of websites out there and millions of new ones being made everyday. If a staff of a thousand people reviewed day and night for a year, they still wouldn’t have gotten close to reviewing all the websites. Second, unlike books and magazines, Internet websites come and go on a snap of a finger. It doesn’t take long to create a homepage, neither does relocating it. The second a new list of â€Å"banned† website is released, it is already obsolete. Since the so-called â€Å"family-friendly† search engines are based on the same inefficient filter programs, they are also inefficient. Only a very small fraction of the Internet contains inappropriate material, however, the inefficient â€Å"family-friendly† search engines filters out around 95% of the Internet (â€Å"Faulty† internet). Even when Dr. Suess was searched, most of the websites were blocked. 2630 of the 2638 websites found in a normal search engine was blocked (â€Å"Faulty† internet). It is a fact that pornography websites tend to link themselves all over the search engine to attract the most customers. But do they really link themselves to 99. 7% of a Dr. Suess search (â€Å"Faulty† internet)? Even after they wiped out 99. 7% of the search result, one of the eight that wasn’t blocked was an inappropriate website (â€Å"Faulty† internet). It was a parody of a Dr. Suess story using details from the murder of Nicole Brown Simpson (â€Å"Faulty† internet). The companies that tried to set up a rating system have yet to succeed either. The companies have yet created an universal standard for the ratings.

Free Essays on Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa Mother Teresa taught the world that having a good heart was all that a person needed to succeed in the world. She taught that being generous to the poor, was an act of serving God, in practical helpful way. While not acknowledging that the deeds she did as a huge publicity stunt, she showed others how to do actual good for the unfortunate people of the world. Mother Teresa was a wonderful woman and a great influence on the world today. Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu on August 27, 1910, to a deeply religious Roman Catholic family (McGovern). Her mother, Nikola Bojaxhiu, was woman who was taught early that giving to the poor would benefit the world in many ways. Agnes’ family was large and poor, so she learned the people were always going to have to make sacrifices in order to survive. Agnes decided early on in life at the tender age of fourteen that she wanted to be a missionary nun, but it was at the age of eighteen that Agnes joined the Loreto order of nuns (McGovern). On May 24, 1931, Agnes took her first vows poverty, chastity, and obedience (Encyclopedia of World Biography). It was there she took on the name Teresa after St. Therese, the patron saint of missionaries. She eventually became the principal of Loreto Entally, a school in Entally, where she taught history and geography. Even inside the school, she longed to help the starving and dying people of the streets. She was not allowed to because the Loreto order of nuns had a rule that the nuns couldn’t leave the convent unless they were seriously ill. In August of 1946, Sister Teresa could stand it no longer. She left the convent to tend to the sick and poor. In 1947, Sister Teresa was granted Teresa was permission to leave the Loreto order of nuns (Wellman). From there on, she walked the streets finding people that she could help out. The work would exhaust her, but each day she kept on going. Sister Teresa had such a love... Free Essays on Mother Teresa Free Essays on Mother Teresa Mother Teresa Mother Teresa taught the world that having a good heart was all that a person needed to succeed in the world. She taught that being generous to the poor, was an act of serving God, in practical helpful way. While not acknowledging that the deeds she did as a huge publicity stunt, she showed others how to do actual good for the unfortunate people of the world. Mother Teresa was a wonderful woman and a great influence on the world today. Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu on August 27, 1910, to a deeply religious Roman Catholic family (McGovern). Her mother, Nikola Bojaxhiu, was woman who was taught early that giving to the poor would benefit the world in many ways. Agnes’ family was large and poor, so she learned the people were always going to have to make sacrifices in order to survive. Agnes decided early on in life at the tender age of fourteen that she wanted to be a missionary nun, but it was at the age of eighteen that Agnes joined the Loreto order of nuns (McGovern). On May 24, 1931, Agnes took her first vows poverty, chastity, and obedience (Encyclopedia of World Biography). It was there she took on the name Teresa after St. Therese, the patron saint of missionaries. She eventually became the principal of Loreto Entally, a school in Entally, where she taught history and geography. Even inside the school, she longed to help the starving and dying people of the streets. She was not allowed to because the Loreto order of nuns had a rule that the nuns couldn’t leave the convent unless they were seriously ill. In August of 1946, Sister Teresa could stand it no longer. She left the convent to tend to the sick and poor. In 1947, Sister Teresa was granted Teresa was permission to leave the Loreto order of nuns (Wellman). From there on, she walked the streets finding people that she could help out. The work would exhaust her, but each day she kept on going. Sister Teresa had such a love... Free Essays on Mother Teresa Through out the women known as Mother Teresa’s life she had accomplished a great many tasks. Mother Teresa had done good works and heroic virtues in her lifetime. Mother Teresa’s had accomplished many deeds through out her religious order and her â€Å"Way of Love†. This is a way of not pleasing yourself but to give yourself to God and to be used by him in a very special way, a way of helping people. (The â€Å"Way of Love† is also a poem). Mother Teresa was born in Skopje, Yugoslavia (now called Macedonia) in 1910. Mother Teresa’s original home was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhio. Mother Teresa was only 12 years old when she first knew she had a vocation to the poor but it wasn’t until much later in 1928 when she suddenly decided to become a nun and traveled to Ireland to join the Sisters of Loredo a religious order founded in the seventeenth century. After studying at the convent for less than a year, she left to join the Loredo convent in the city of Darjeeling in India. On May 24th, 1931, she took the name of name of â€Å"Teresa† in honor of St. Teresa of Avila a sixteenth century Spanish nun. In 1929 Mother Teresa was teaching at a catholic high school in Calcutta the city was filled with beggars, lepers, and the homeless and on wanted babies were left to die in garbage bins. One day in 1946 Mother Teresa felt the need to leave her job at St. Mary catholic school to care for the needy in Calcutta. Mother Teresa began her work in 1948 by studying nursing for three months with the American Medical Missionaries in India, she there returned Calcutta to found the Missionaries of Charity and the Kalighat Home for the dying. Mother Teresa would gather dying Indians off the streets and care for them during the days before they died. In the mid 1950’s, Mother Teresa began to help victims of leprosy. She established a leper colony called Shanti Nagar (town of Peace). In 1965 the Pope authorized Mother Teresa to... Free Essays on Mother Teresa Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born August 26, 1910 in Skopje, in Macedonia. Her childhood was comfortable and prosperous due to her father’s success. Her father encouraged his children to be generous and compassionate to those less fortunate. Her mother was very religious and she took the children to morning mass. Agnes often helped her mother deliver parcels of food and money to the poor and prayed with the whole family every evening. The family’s life changed dramatically after their father’s death, when Agnes was 9. Although now poor themselves, they continued to help those less fortunate. Christianity became increasingly important in Agnes’ life. From the age of 12, she was aware of a desire to devote her life to God. As Agnes thought about what she could do for Christ, she started to feel a call for God. In the two years she decided to become a nun. Agnes spent longer periods of time going on retreats and received guidance from her Father Confessor. At th e age of 17, she made the decision to become a nun, because she had been taught that chastity is a special and pure grace. This was an important moment for Agnes as she chose a life of self-sacrifice. Agnes was just 18 when she decided to join the Sisters of Our Lady of Loreto, who were very active in India. On December 1, 1928 the crossing to India started. In the beginning of 1929 they reached Colombo, then Madres and finally Calcutta. The journey continued to Darjeeling, where she completed her training. Agnes was trained in prayer, scriptures, theology, and the spirituality and history of her Order. She started to learn Hindi and Bengali and to improve her English. She taught at the local school and worked in a small medical station. On May 24, 1931, Agnes took her first vows of poverty, chastity and obedience as a sister of Loreto. She chose her name in religious life as St. Theresa of Lisieux. Soon after she went to Calcutta to begin her teaching career. She went to Lor...